Assessment of Hydrological Resource Management Using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Wadi Sannur Valley, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

Watershed and sub-watershed need quantification analysis for channel network. To understand its hydrological situation. Detailed assessment of the drainage network and its characteristics have been done for Wadi Sannur, east Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt. To understand its geological variations, topographic information and the tectonic processes for the watershed and sub-watershed. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) have been the main source for delineation and calculation of morphometric parameters of watershed. Methodology contains a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was leveraged to visually explore the terrain's intricacies. By harnessing the capabilities of ArcGIS 10.8, a detailed analysis was conducted to quantify linear, areal, and relief properties. This multi-faceted approach allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the landscape's form and function. The Wadi Sannur watershed is spreading over an area of 4313 km2 with dendritic, parallel, and sub-dendritic drainage patterns. All drainage parameters, such as stream order, have been computed. Wadi Sannur basin is divided into 5 sub-watersheds. The mainstream has the highest stream order, the eighth order, with number of streams (Nu) about 206 and total stream length (Lu) about 71 km2. While the first Nu contains about 13717 and Lu 6036 km2. Wadi Sannur basin is about 112 km and has Bifurcation ratio (Rb) 2.06. Rb Values of the 5 sub-watersheds varies from 0.59 to 4.79. SW4 has the lowest Rb value clearly shows a high infiltration rate and rest of sub-watershed has much higher values ranging from 0.59 to 4.79. Drainage density (Dd) value is 2.54 km/km2, fells in the medium class which clearly indicates medium dense vegetation, gentle slope to steep slope morphology, with medium precipitation and less permeable. Drainage texture (Dt) is categorized into one class based on Dd values very fine (>8) so the Wadi Sannur shows very fine textures. Overland flow length (Lg) is 0.197 while all the other sub-watersheds values ranges from 0.19 to 0.20, which indicates the influence of a high structural disturbance, with low permeability, a high surface runoff with steep slopes to very steep slopes. The Wadi Sannur and sub-watersheds showing a well-developed stream network with mature geomorphic stage. Circularity ratio (Rc) is 0.23, whereas in the 5 sub-watersheds, the value ranges between 0.18 and 0.30. This Low Rc value implies an elongated basin shape. Elongation ratio (Re) is 0.60 and values of the 5 sub-watershed varies from 0.48 to 0.72, which indicates elongated basin shape, with high relief, and gentle to steep slope. Gradient ratio (Rg) is 6.92 while the rest of 5 sub-watershed range from 4.35 to 16.23. This study could be applied in any valley to determine the morphometric characteristics, which enables the identification of flood locations and policies for solving them.